Could your heartburn lead to cancer?

What You Need to Know About Barrett’s Esophagus

More than 60 million Americans experience heartburn — a burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat and stomach. While most cases of heartburn are harmless, some people develop Barrett’s esophagus, a condition that increases the risk of esophageal cancer. Dr. David Stockwell, a gastroenterologist at Emerson Health explains what you need to know. 

Q: What is Barrett’s esophagus and why is it important? 

A: Approximately 10% of adults with heartburn have Barrett’s esophagus, a condition that affects the lining of the esophagus. People with Barrett’s have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer, one of the fastest-growing cancers. The good news is that screening can detect changes early and help prevent cancer. If you have heartburn and certain risk factors, talk to a gastroenterologist about screening. 

Q: Who should be screened for Barrett’s esophagus? 

A: You should see a gastroenterologist if you have chronic heartburn and at least three of the following risk factors:  

• Age 50 or older 

• Male 

• White 

• Family history of Barrett’s esophagus or esophageal cancer 

• Obesity 

• History of smoking tobacco 

During your visit, the gastroenterologist will review your medical history and symptoms to determine if screening is necessary. 

Q: How is Barrett’s esophagus diagnosed? 

A: If screening is needed, a gastroenterologist will perform an upper endoscopy to examine your esophagus. This quick, painless procedure is done while you are sedated. The doctor uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to check for changes in the esophageal lining. In some cases, a small tissue sample is taken for further evaluation.  

Q: What happens if someone is diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus? 

A: If you have Barrett’s esophagus, regular endoscopy screenings are recommended to monitor for changes and catch cancer early when it is most treatable.  Managing heartburn can also help. Treatment options include: 

• Medications to reduce stomach acid 

• Dietary changes, such as avoiding spicy, acidic, or fatty foods 

• Lifestyle adjustments, including weight management and quitting smoking 

A gastroenterologist will work with you to create a personalized plan to manage your symptoms and lower your cancer risk.